Deductive Reasoning
Deductive Reasoning: Overview
This Topic covers sub-topics such as Syllogism, Deductive Reasoning, Conclusions in Syllogism and, Premise in Syllogism
Important Questions on Deductive Reasoning
In the following questions the symbols +, ×, ?, @ and $ are used with the following meanings:
'P+Q' means 'P is neither smaller nor greater than Q'.
'P×Q' means 'P is neither equal to nor smaller than Q'.
'P?Q' means 'P is neither greater than nor equal to Q'.
'P@Q' means 'P is neither greater than or equal to Q'.
'P$Q' means 'P is not equal to Q'.
Statements: P $ Q, Q × R, P + R
Conclusions: I. Q × P II. P ? Q
Three statements are given followed by four conclusions. You have to consider the statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance from commonly known facts. You have to decide which of the given conclusions, if any, follow from the given statements.
Statements:
All boys are girls.
Some girls are students.
All students are healthy.
Conclusion:
. Some healthy people are boys.
. Some healthy people are girls.
. Some students are boys.
. No healthy people are boys.
In the given question made with alphabets and certain symbols with the following meanings:
'A B' means 'A is greater than B'.
'A B' means 'A is either greater than or equal to B'.
'A B' means 'A is equal to B'.
'A B' means 'A is either smaller than or equal to B'.
'A B' means 'A is smaller than B'.
Answer the following statements using the given conditions --
Statements: P Q, N M, M R, R P
Conclusions:
I. P N
II Q M
Three statements are given followed by four conclusions. You have to consider the statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance from commonly known facts. You have to decide which of the given conclusions, if any, follow from the given statements.
Statements:
A. All glasses are plates.
B. All plates are cups.
C. All glasses are jugs.
Conclusion:
1. All jugs are glasses.
2. Some plates are jugs.
3. Some cups are jugs.
4. All jugs are cups.
Two statements followed by two conclusions are given. You have to consider the given statements to be true, even if they seem to be at variance from commonly known facts. You have to decide which of the given conclusion can definitely be drawn from the given statements. Indicate your answer accordingly.
Statements :
Some politicians are honest.
Sushil is not honest.
Conclusions :
I. Sushil is a politician.
II. All honest are politician.
If “Some flowers are buds” is taken as false which of the following conclusions will be false ?
Taken “All tubs are clocks, some clocks are jugs” for granted, which of the following conclusions can be logically drawn up?
In the following given below, certain symbols are used with the following meanings:
'A@B' means 'A is greater than B'.
'A+B' means 'A is either greater than or equal to B'.
'A÷B' means 'A is smaller than or equal to B'.
'A×B' means 'A is either smaller than or equal to B'.
'A$B' means 'A is equal to B'.
Statements: W @ S, K @ Z, U + W, S $ K
Conclusions: I. U @ K II. Z @ S
There are two statements which are followed by three conclusions. Choose the conclusions which logically follow from the given statements.
Statements:
All books are computers.
No computers are schools.
Conclusion:
A. Some books are not schools.
B. Some schools are not books.
C. Some computers are schools.
Two statements are given followed by four conclusions A to D. You have to consider the two statements to be true, even if they seem to be at variance from commonly known facts. You have to decide which of the given conclusion can definitely be drawn from the given statement. Indicate your answer.
Statements :
1. Some cricketers are politicians.
2. Sandeep plays cricket.
Conclusions :
Two statements are given followed by two conclusions I and II. You have to consider the three statements to be true, even if they seem to be at variance from commonly known facts. You are to decide which of the given conclusion can definitely be drawn from the given statement. Indicate your answer.
Statements :
Some roses are thorns.
All thorns are flowers.
No flower is a petal.
Conclusions :
(I) No petal is a rose.
(II) Some flowers are roses.
Directions. From the given statements choose the appropriate conclusions given below.
Mark answer as
(1) if only conclusion I follows.
(2) if only conclusion II follows.
(3) if both I and II follows.
(4) if neither of them follows.
Statements: A. All papers are pens.
B. All pens are black.
Conclusions: I. All pens are papers.
II. All papers are black.
In the following questions the symbols, @, &, *, $ and ? are used with the following meanings:
'P?Q' means 'P is either equal to or smaller than Q'.
'P$Q' means 'P is neither greater than nor smaller than Q'.
'P*Q' means 'P is neither greater than nor equal to Q'.
'P@Q' means 'P is either greater than or equal to Q'.
'P&Q' means 'P is not equal to Q'.
Statements: A * B, B ? C, C @ D
Conclusions: I. A $ D II. B ? D
Directions for questions : In each of the following questions some statements are given which are followed by some conclusions. Mark the option which follows the best.
Statement: Either Ram runs or he is not thirsty.
Conclusions:
(1) Ram runs.
(2) Ram is thirsty.
(3) Ram doesn't run.
(4) Ram isn't thirsty.
Two statements are followed by two conclusions numbered I and II. Which one of the four alternatives is correct?
Statements:
I. All teachers are aged.
II. Some women are teachers.
Conclusions:
I. All aged are women.
II. Some women are aged.
Two statements are given followed by two/four conclusions. You have to consider the two statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance from commonly known facts. You have to decide which of the given conclusions, if any, follow from the given statements.
Statements :
(A) All books are trees.
(B) All trees are lions.
Conslusions :
I. All books are lions
II. All lions are books.
III. All trees are books.
IV. Some lions are books.
Three statements are given followed by three conclusions I, II and III. You have to consider the three statements to be true, even if they seem to be at variance from commonly known facts. You have to decide which of the given conclusion can definitely be drawn from the given statement. Indicate your answer.
Statements :
Some villagers are educated.
All educated are honest.
No honest is a corrupt.
Conclusions :
I. Some villagers are not corrupt.
II. Some educated are corrupt.
III. No corrupt is a villager.
Directions. From the given statements choose the appropriate conclusions given below.
Mark answer as
(1) if only conclusion I follows.
(2) if only conclusion II follows.
(3) if both I and II follows.
(4) if neither of them follows.
Statements: A. Some poets are goats.
B. Some goats are trees.
Conclusions: I.Some poets are trees.
II. Some trees are goats.
There are two statements which are followed by three conclusions. Choose the conclusions which logically follow from the given statements.
Statements:
All pens are books.
All pens are pencils.
Conclusion:
A. Some books are pencils.
B. All books are pencils.
C. Some pens are not pencils.
Statements: Some trees are kites.
All trees are birds.
Conclusion:
A. Some birds are kites.
B. All birds are kites.
C. No birds are kites.
D. Some birds are not kites.
